Is the brokenness that afflicted me after taking off the khimar and wearing a large طرح (tarḥ) a punishment from Allah for what I did?

The fundamental principle concerning calamities is that they are a consequence of sins, for Allah the Exalted says: "And whatever calamity befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned, and He pardons much." Calamities also come for purification and testing, as stated in His saying, the Exalted: "And We test you with evil and with good as a trial." The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Indeed, when Allah loves a people, He tests them; so whoever is content, for him is contentment, and whoever is displeased, for him is displeasure." And the prophets are the most severely tested of people.

It is not a condition for the khimar (head covering) to be sewn in a specific manner; rather, what is required is concealment. So, if the tarha (large scarf) is large and covers adequately, there is no harm in wearing it. However, if there has been a deficiency in the obligatory covering, then repentance to Allah the Exalted is due.