What is meant by "لا يؤمن أحدكم" (none of you believes) in the Hadith: "None of you believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself"; is it actual disbelief (kufr), or a deficiency in faith?

Negating faith in the Qur'an and Sunnah can mean either negating its origin, in which case the person is a disbeliever, or negating its completeness, in which case the person is a believer but their faith is deficient. The hadith "None of you believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself" is of the second type, i.e., negating the completeness of faith, not its origin. Scholars, including An-Nawawi, Al-Qurtubi, Ibn Hibban, Ibn Hajar, and Ibn Rajab, have explicitly stated that the intended meaning is the failure to attain the true reality and essential completeness of faith, not disbelief. This deficiency necessitates punishment because it indicates the commission of something forbidden, such as malice or envy.