What is the ruling regarding a husband divorcing his wife in the following scenarios: 1. "You are divorced" after an argument? 2. "Reconciliation between us will not happen until you are divorced" after the wife leaves the house with the intention of departing? 3. "You are divorced" via text message two weeks after a miscarriage and the cessation of bleeding?

Explicit divorce, such as saying: "You are divorced," effects divorce and does not require intention. As for other phrases, such as: "Since you left the house, reconciliation between us will not happen until you are divorced"; these do not include the creation of a divorce, but are rather a threat or a promise of it, and nothing is binding by them unless the suspension of divorce is intended by them.

Divorce via a text message on the phone takes effect if the husband intended it and you were still under his marital authority (during the 'iddah or after reconciliation). However, if he did not reconcile with you after the first divorce until the 'iddah expired, then a minor separation has occurred, and the second divorce does not take effect due to the cessation of marital authority. You are only permissible to him through a new contract.

A wife leaving her husband's house without his permission for no legitimate reason is considered an act of defiance (nushooz).