Is Zakat obligatory on money and profits after the passing of a hawl (lunar year) and receiving them from the real estate company, while the owner of the money has a large debt?

A Muslim must ensure that their dealings conform to Islamic law and avoid prohibitions such as usury (riba). Participation in any forbidden act is prohibited. If the money you have contributed reaches the nisab (threshold), then zakat is obligatory upon you. As for debt, the majority of scholars hold that it prevents zakat. So, if the debtor repays their debt and what remains afterward reaches the nisab, they must pay zakat on it. But if it falls below the nisab, zakat is no longer obligatory upon them.