Is it permissible to change one's name and carry a surname that is not one's original?

A man's claim to a father other than his own is one of the greatest falsehoods, and it encompasses both the near and distant father. Allah Almighty said: "the religion of your father, Abraham." Al-Bukhari narrated this hadith after the chapter "Attributing Yemen to Ishmael" to deter against claiming lineage to a father who is not the real one. In essence, this claim is a major sin.