Is a person afflicted with depression and psychological distress due to life pressures held accountable for words they whisper to themselves that include cursing fate and slandering the Most Merciful, despite their regret and inability to cope with their pressures?
It is from Allah Almighty's mercy that a servant is not held accountable for the whispers and thoughts of the self unless he acts upon them or speaks them, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "Indeed, Allah has forgiven my nation for what they think to themselves, as long as they do not act upon it or speak it." Therefore, a person suffering from depression who has thoughts of disbelief or disobedience is not held accountable, provided he does not utter them or act according to them. If he utters them under the pressure of illness without intention, he is not held accountable, because his intention is not present. Al-Bukhari titled a chapter in his Sahih by stating that deeds are judged by intentions, and the divorce of a person afflicted by obsessive thoughts is not valid if he utters it unintentionally. The person afflicted with depression should seek treatment and strive to overcome his distress, and reflect on Allah's blessings upon him to establish gratitude and contentment with His decree. However, if he knows what he is saying and intends it, then discontent will not benefit him but will only increase his affliction, whereas patience and seeking reward will elevate his ranks, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "Indeed, the greatness of the reward is with the greatness of the affliction. And indeed, when Allah loves a people, He afflicts them. So whoever is content will have contentment, and whoever is discontent will have discontent."
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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