What is the ruling on a marriage that took place in the presence of witnesses, where the husband refused to utter the word of divorce in front of witnesses, so what can be done in this situation?

It is not a condition for marriage that it be conducted through a ma'dhun (marriage officiant). Marriage is valid if its conditions and pillars are met, such as offer and acceptance, the guardian (wali), and witnesses. If these conditions are met, the marriage is valid, and the woman is his wife. If he pronounces divorce, it takes effect, and if he denies it, his denial is not considered. The matter should be brought before the Shar'i court for adjudication, or before the Muslim community and scholars if there is no court or if its rulings are not binding. It is not necessary to prompt the woman with the formula; rather, the pronouncement of the offer by her guardian is sufficient.