What was the Charter of Medina that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) established after the Hijra, and what did it include?

The text of the covenant, called the "Constitution of Medina," establishes the foundations for coexistence between the believers, the Muslims of Quraish and Yathrib, and the Jews. The Constitution emphasizes the unity of the Ummah and the necessity of cooperation in freeing captives and paying blood money. It forbids Muslims from aiding disbelievers against believers. The covenant also defines the rights and duties of the Jews in defending the city, while affirming the ultimate authority of Allah and His Messenger in resolving disputes. The Constitution forbids sheltering or aiding innovators (heretics) and stresses that whoever commits injustice or sin should blame no one but himself.