What is the meaning of Jesus being "the Word of Allah" and "the Spirit of Allah," and how does one respond to those who claim that this conforms to Christian doctrine?

The meaning of Jesus being the "Word of Allah" is that he was created by the word "Be!" (Kun), just as Adam was created, not that he is a part of Allah. The meaning of him being "a spirit from Him" is a spirit that Allah created and breathed into, and not a part of His essence, as in the verse: "And He has subjected to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth - all from Him" [Quran 45:13]. The attribution of entities to Allah is either because He created them or to honor them specifically. This does not align with the Christian belief in the divinity of Christ or his being the son of God, which is considered disbelief (kufr) in Islam.