Will the disbeliever be surprised by what he sees after death, or will he then know that Allah is the Truth? And what will the disbeliever who did not know his purpose in this world feel?

The disbeliever knows his fate at the time of death, as the angels give him tidings of the Fire and the wrath of the Almighty, and they command him to come forth to punishment, so they strike him. Surprises of Allah's torment continue to befall him until the Hour is established and he enters the Fire.

The causes of disbelief are varied, including: ignorance of the truth, hatred and envy of those who call to it, adherence to the customs of ancestors, fear of losing status, honor, and desires, and fear of friends and kin. As for atheism, its cause may be personal whims and a desire for liberation from constraints, or an escape from internal conflicts and pangs of conscience, or a reaction to a bitter reality and injustice committed under the guise of religion.