What is the ruling on sending blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), seeking forgiveness (Istighfar), and reciting "Ya Latif" a specific number of times, with the intention of protecting a person and safeguarding them from any harm, knowing that anything not mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah is considered an innovation (Bid'ah)?

There is no harm in sending prayers upon the Prophet or seeking forgiveness with the intention of protecting someone, because this is a legitimate form of intercession through good deeds. However, specifying this with a certain number or a particular time is not established in Islamic law and is considered an additive innovation if a person adheres to it or considers it a Sunnah. But if it occurs without adherence, then there is no harm in it due to the general command to remember Allah. As for the ذكر (remembrance) using a single اسم (Name) such as "يا لطيف" (O All-Kind), it is not legislated.