Is it permissible for me to bring employees to sponsor my brother so that he can obtain a loan from the state to repay my money, knowing that loans in Syria are considered unlawful (haram)?

Loans from the state and other sources fall into two categories: First, if they are hasanah, meaning without usurious interest, then there is no objection to taking them or assisting in them. Second, if they are usurious with interest, then it is not permissible to take them or assist in them, except in a case of dire necessity that would lead to destruction or something close to it. As for the debt owed by your brother, if he is in straitened circumstances, then he must be granted a delay, based on the Almighty's saying: "And if he should be in difficulty, then [let there be] postponement until [a time of] ease." And your brother must strive to repay his debt.