Does the questioner still have rights toward his former neighbors, and could what he did to them affect his daughters, and are the blessings he enjoys merely worldly provisions for the disobedient, with no share for him in the Hereafter?

The rights of people, which Allah Almighty forgives if their owners waive them, but the right of a father who died and did not forgive remains. The one who wronged him must increase in repentance, good deeds, supplication, and seeking forgiveness for him; hoping that Allah will reconcile them on the Day of Resurrection, and that the wronged person will forgive the wrongdoer, as mentioned in the prophetic hadith (definition). As for the issue of blessings being a gradual enticement (istidraj) or the consequences of injustice on daughters, its knowledge is with Allah. A person must perform good deeds and repent, and have a good opinion of his Lord; for Allah is as His servant expects Him to be. And Allah's facilitation of ways to obedience is a sign of His wanting good for the servant in the Hereafter and the veiling of his daughters in this world.