Is it permissible to give charity from money a wife borrowed from an usurious bank and then gifted a portion of it to her husband?

The prohibition of a usurious loan pertains to the liability of its recipient, not to the specific asset itself. Therefore, there is no harm for you in benefiting from the money your wife gifted you. You should give charity from it and do good deeds. As for her, she must repent to Allah for taking out a usurious loan and dealing with usurious banks, expressing remorse, seeking forgiveness, and resolving not to return to such practices. You should explain this to her and advise her accordingly.