Should the zakat on the produce of the deceased father's farm be deducted before or after the division of the inheritance, and is it permissible for the heirs - the student and the housewife - to take from the zakat?

The rulings regarding Zakat on a deceased person's estate are summarized based on when Zakat became due:

1. If Zakat became due before the father's death: It is considered a debt owed by him and must be paid from his estate before its distribution among the heirs. It must be disbursed to the recipients specified by the father in his will.

2. If Zakat did not become due before the father's death: There is no Zakat due from the father. Zakat becomes due from the heirs, and they can agree to pay it before the division of the estate, or each can pay it after receiving their share. They are not obligated to adhere to the Zakat recipients designated by the father, but it is commendable to do so as an act of kindness and righteousness.

3. Paying Zakat to the mother and children: To children: Your siblings may pay their Zakat to you if you are in need and do not possess sufficient means, though it is preferable for them to spend on you from their own private wealth if they have enough. To the mother: Children are not permitted to pay their Zakat to their mother if her maintenance is obligatory upon them, because doing so would relieve them of their duty of maintenance towards her, thus benefiting themselves.