What is the ruling on one who broke their fast in Ramadan due to travel but did not actually travel; do they owe expiation (kaffarah) or simply make up the missed days (qadaa')?

Allah has permitted the traveler to break their fast while traveling and make up the days later, as stated in the Qur'an: "So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days." A person is not considered a traveler unless they have actually commenced their journey. A mere intention to travel does not permit them the concessions; their ruling remains that of a resident. Therefore, whoever breaks their fast before embarking on the journey, on the pretext of intending to travel, must make up the fast without expiation. They must also repent and seek forgiveness for doing what is impermissible and for their shortcoming in asking, as Allah says: "So ask the people of the message if you do not know."