Is it permissible to download videos from YouTube for entertainment or learning, after removing the music from them, with the intention of depriving the content creator of profit or benefit from the views?

One must adhere to the terms of use of websites, based on Allah's saying: "O you who have believed, fulfill [all] contracts," and the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "Muslims are bound by their stipulations." So, if a website stipulates conditions for downloading, one must adhere to them. If it allows downloading without conditions, then there is no harm in doing so for any legitimate purpose, and the content owner's benefit is not a prerequisite for permitting the download.