Does the time for Dhuhr, Asr, and Maghrib prayers expire upon hearing the Adhan for the next prayer? And does the time for Isha prayer expire at the beginning of the last third of the night, or at its end, or with the Adhan of Fajr? And does the last third of the night end with the Adhan of Fajr or with sunrise?

1. Prayer times are known by theologically sound cosmic signs, and the beginning of a time is not dependent on the Athan (call to prayer).

2. The time [for a prayer] does not expire merely by hearing the Athan for the next prayer, but rather by the expiration of the time for the subsequent prayer, keeping in mind that some prayers share a time out of necessity.

3. Some scholars hold that prayer has two times: an elective time (waqt ikhtiyari) and a time of necessity (waqt dharuri). It is forbidden to delay a prayer beyond its elective time without an excuse.

4. The time for Isha (night prayer) extends until the appearance of dawn, with details regarding whether the period after the first third [of the night] is a time of necessity or permissibility.

5. Reliance on calendars for prayer times is a matter that has been elaborated upon in previous fatwas.