Is it permissible for a man to marry his divorced wife for the fourth time, given that the first marriage occurred without a guardian (wali) or witnesses, and the divorce occurred twice through khulʿ (wife-initiated divorce) and once by revoking the divorce during her waiting period (ʿiddah), followed by a third khulʿ divorce? And is the first marriage and subsequent divorce from it considered invalid?

A marriage is not valid except with a guardian and two just witnesses, according to the majority of scholars. The aforementioned contract was not witnessed by witnesses, nor was an attestation made before consummation. There has been a manipulation of Allah's rulings, so repentance is obligatory. It is possible to marry this woman anew with a new contract that fulfills the conditions of validity, as the first divorce was an irrevocable (ba'in) divorce, and an irrevocable divorce does not allow for a return except with a new contract.