What is the ruling on unintentional insults?

The Almighty Allah says: "And there is no blame upon you for that in which you have erred, but [only for] what your hearts intended." Ibn Majah reported that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Indeed, Allah has pardoned for my Ummah their mistakes, their forgetfulness, and what they are coerced into."

Accordingly, a legally competent person is not held accountable, from a Sharia perspective, for statements and actions made without intention, unless the act results in damage to others' property, in which case they must compensate for what was damaged. As for unintentional cursing, there is no sin in it, because deeds are judged by intentions.