Is saying "Intercession, O Muhammad" polytheism (shirk)?
Seeking intercession from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, or from any other deceased person is not permissible; rather, it is major polytheism (shirk akbar). This is because intercession belongs to Allah alone, and the deceased has no power to act after death; their deeds are cut off except for three. The hadith that mentions the presentation of deeds to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, is weak. Seeking intercession, aid, or victory from the deceased is major polytheism, and there is no distinction among the deceased in this regard. One should only pray for mercy upon them and supplicate for their forgiveness and mercy. Nothing should be sought from them, as this is an act of the people of pre-Islamic ignorance (Jahiliyyah) and polytheism.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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