ما هي الفروقات بين المغفرة والستر والعفو والصفح؟

The terms: al-Ghafr (forgiveness), al-Satr (concealment/covering), al-ʿAfw (pardoning), and al-Safh (overlooking), are close in meaning.

Al-Ghufrān (absolute forgiveness) is more specific than al-Satr (concealment), and it entails the bestowal of reward. As for al-Satr, it is the covering of something with a covering, and it is used in the sense of refraining from mentioning something.

Al-ʿAfw (pardoning) and al-Safh (overlooking) are close in meaning. Al-ʿAfw is the relinquishing of punishment, while al-Safh is turning away from the sin, and it is more eloquent than al-ʿAfw. It is also said: al-ʿAfw is the relinquishing of punishment for the sinner, and al-Safh is the relinquishing of blaming them.