What is permissible for a man to see of his adult daughter, and is it permissible for him to kiss her on the mouth or embrace her, with mention of the scholars' opinions on that?
Scholars have differed regarding what a man is permitted to see of his unmarriageable female relatives (mahārim):
Hanafi school: They permit looking at the head, face, chest, leg, and upper arm, and prohibit looking at what is between the navel and the knee, the back, and the abdomen. Maliki school: They permit looking at the face and extremities (neck, head, arm, and foot), and prohibit looking at the rest of the body. Shafi'i school: They permit looking at the entire body except for what is between the navel and the knee; it is also said that only what appears during common work is permitted. Hanbali school: They permit looking at what is commonly exposed of a woman, such as the neck, head, hands, and feet, and prohibit looking at what is usually covered, such as the chest and back.
It is not appropriate for a father to kiss his adult daughter on her mouth or embrace her, as this can arouse desire. If there is a fear of temptation, kissing and embracing are absolutely forbidden.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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