Is one who is afflicted with foolishness and has lost his mind—whether due to drugs or otherwise—held accountable for his sin, or is the pen lifted from him, and he becomes among the people of Paradise without reckoning?

The intellect is the basis of accountability (taklif), and it is lifted from those who lose it due to illness or insanity, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "The pen has been lifted from three: from the sleeper until he awakens, from the insane until he regains his sanity, and from the child until he reaches puberty." However, whoever intentionally causes the loss of their intellect is not included in this ruling, and Islam has forbidden the consumption of anything that impairs the intellect. The hadith "I entered Paradise, and behold, most of its inhabitants were the simple-minded (al-bulaḥ)" is weak, and its meaning refers to those who are simple-minded about the desires and adornments of this world.