What is the ruling on someone who made a covenant with Allah to abandon a certain act, then returned to it, and what is the expiation required for that, taking into consideration his statement: "I made a covenant with Allah that I would not do this thing again, if Allah wills"?

We have previously clarified that covenants are a matter of disagreement among scholars. However, if the wording used to make the covenant was: "I covenant with Allah that I will no longer do this thing, if Allah wills," then conditioning it on Allah's will is an exception that dissolves the covenant. Therefore, violating it is not considered a breach, nor does it necessitate expiation, provided that the utterance of "if Allah wills" is concurrent, connected to the covenant, and intended to dissolve the oath. If the covenant was made with the aforementioned wording, along with the fulfillment of the mentioned condition, then nothing is required for failing to uphold it.