Is it permissible for a husband to leave his current job—and join a better one—given that he has an interest-free loan from his current employer, repaid monthly, but with a penalty clause stating that the amount must be repaid with interest to the bank if he leaves the job, and he does not possess the amount in a single payment?

It is not permissible to enter into a loan agreement with the company if it includes a condition for transferring the loan to the bank should the employee leave their job before repayment, due to the presence of a forbidden condition that necessitates usury (riba). If one entered into the contract without knowledge of this condition, as is the case with the husband, then it is not permissible for him to leave his job until the loan is repaid, in order to avoid usury without necessity. Usury is among the grave sins for which Allah has threatened its practitioners with war and damnation. The husband must be patient until he repays the loan, or finds someone to lend him a benevolent loan (qard hasan (definition)), or the company grants him an extension for repayment.