What is the ruling on playing games such as billiards and chess, especially given that some Companions used to play chess?

The Shariah permits recreation for the soul through permissible means. As for the game of billiards, if it involves money, it is impermissible because it is gambling. If it does not involve money, then there is no objection, provided that time is not wasted. As for chess, Imam Ahmad and Imam Malik held the view that it is forbidden, due to what it may lead to, such as gambling, false oaths, and neglecting prayers. The Companions disliked chess and prohibited it due to its distracting nature.