What is the ruling on buying and selling oil, gas, and their derivatives on Arab and international stock exchanges via margin trading, given the absence of the condition of immediate possession (taqabud), and are there any harms or risks associated with this type of trade? And what is the basis for prohibition or prevention, if any?

The ruling on trading in the aforementioned commodities has been explained in detail previously. As for purchasing on margin, it is impermissible because it involves a loan that brings a benefit, whether explicitly stipulated or customarily understood. Therefore, if someone has sufficient funds to trade in the stock market without needing to borrow from the broker, then trading is permissible, provided that other Sharia rulings are adhered to.