What is the ruling on a fasting person intentionally swallowing phlegm in Ramadan, and is he required to make up those days if he breaks his fast, according to the Hanafī school, given that he is able to expel it?

If a fasting person is unable to expel phlegm when it reaches their throat, their fast is valid, and there is no sin upon them, because Allah Almighty says: "Allah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity." However, if they were able to expel it but swallowed it intentionally, scholars have differed regarding the invalidation of their fast. The questioner may adopt the view of the Hanafis, unless it is done out of desire. And whoever intentionally swallows it and then makes up the fast has acted more cautiously.