What is the meaning of “mil’a ma shi’ta min shay’in ba’d” (the fill of whatever You wish of anything thereafter), which is said after rising from rukoo‘ (bowing), and what is the meaning of the word “a‘udhu” in “A‘udhu billahi minash-shaytanir-rajeem” (I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Satan)?

The supplication in question includes abundant praise to Allah Almighty, filling the heavens, the earth, and what is between them, and whatever else Allah wills beyond that, which is an exaggeration in the extent of praise. As for "I seek refuge in Allah," it means seeking protection and refuge in Allah from evil.