How accurate is the story of a girl transforming into a dog after throwing the Qur'an, and is it a work of Jewish magic, or did it appear before the cloning process?

Since God is capable of all things, it is not impossible for a girl to be transformed into a dog because of a sin she committed, even if it wasn't throwing the Mus'haf. Disobedience is a cause for divine wrath, as happened to the Children of Israel when they transgressed God's limits. Allah says: "We said to them, 'Be apes, despised.'" This confirms that sins bring punishment, and this has no relation to cloning.