Is requesting cash liquidity from contracting companies with a reduction in the value of received items, along with an increase in the discount by 20% which equals the companies' profits on the supplied items, considered usury (riba)?

If the purchase transaction fulfills its Sharia-compliant conditions, then the contract becomes binding and cannot be rescinded except with the mutual consent of both parties (Iqalah). Iqalah means the annulment of the contract and the return of the situation to what it was before its conclusion. Therefore, it is not permissible for the company to deduct a part of the price when returning the merchandise or its price.

The majority of scholars view Iqalah as an annulment, and it is permissible to return the merchandise or its price without deduction. However, some have held that it is a new sale in which increase or decrease is permissible.

As for Salam (forward) sale (a sale of a described commodity with deferred delivery), which stipulates the payment of the price at the contracting session, if the buyer wishes to annul the contract or agree to Iqalah by mutual consent, this is permissible for the entire sold item according to most scholars, and for part of it according to others.

If the Iqalah involves a cash capital in exchange for cash, it is subject to the rules of Sarf (currency exchange) in terms of mutual possession (Qabd) and equality if the two currencies are of the same kind, and only mutual possession if the kinds differ.

Therefore, it is not permissible for companies to take more than the price of the commodity for which Iqalah was made, in order to prevent riba (usury/interest). If the company does not allow this, it is not obligated to agree to Iqalah, and it has the right to adhere to the contract and retain the expected profit.