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Is it permissible for women to testify individually in cases of zina (adultery/fornication), as Ibn Hazm stated, and what is the strong evidence for the majority opinion?

1 min readAlso available in العربية

The condition that witnesses to zina (fornication/adultery) must be four men is based on the apparent meanings of revelatory texts, such as Allah's saying: "then call to witness four of yourselves against them." The feminine form of the numeral (أربعة) indicates a masculine counted noun, which Al-Qurtubi narrated as the consensus of the Ummah. Ibn Abi Shaybah also narrated from the Companions and many Tabi'in scholars, in addition to the four Imams, that women's testimony is not accepted in cases of zina.

We should point out that in this era, where the prescribed punishments (hudud) have been suspended, it is not permissible for men or women to investigate the matter of zina, as no benefit can be expected from it. The duty is for a Muslim to conceal what they come to know, and to urge societies to adhere to Islamic law, chastity, and good morals.

Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026

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