What should the congregant do if the Imam makes a mistake and does not pronounce the takbeer for bowing, and the congregants do not bow due to their own oversight or ignorance? What is the ruling on their prayer after the Imam pronounces the salaam? And does the congregant make up what they missed during the Imam's prayer, or do they perform a rak'ah after the prayer has ended?

If the congregants do not notice the Imam's bowing until after he has risen from it, they should bow and then follow the Imam. This delay does not harm them due to the excuse. However, if they do not bow and instead prostrate with the Imam, that rak'ah is void, and they must perform it after the Imam says the taslim. If they do not perform it and a long time passes or they leave the mosque, they must repeat the prayer because it has become invalid. This view aligns with the opinion of the majority of jurists, who state that a congregant who lags behind due to an excuse should follow his Imam and make up what he missed after the Imam's taslim. If he lags behind for one or two pillars due to an excuse, he should perform what his Imam preceded him in.