What is the ruling on one who takes something unjustly from a disbeliever or a person of the Book in this world? Will his faith be stripped away in the Hereafter? And how will Allah fulfill the right of this disbeliever on the Day of Judgment?

Muslim scholars have agreed on the prohibition of stealing the wealth of peaceful disbelievers and those with whom a covenant has been made. The hand of a Muslim thief who steals from them shall be cut off if the conditions for amputation are met. Ibn Qudamah mentioned that a Muslim's hand is cut off for stealing the wealth of both a Muslim and a Dhimmi. There is no difference between aggression against a Muslim or a disbeliever in terms of the punishment in the hereafter. As for the disbeliever who is aggressed against, he has no share in the hereafter, because Allah hastens to him his good deeds in this world.