Is it sufficient to pass water over the insulin pump attached to the abdomen when performing ghusl after menstruation, knowing that the needle is covered by a layer that prevents water from reaching it and the skin?

If it is possible to remove the adhesive and wash what is beneath it, then that is obligatory, and it is not permissible to wipe over it. However, if there is harm in removing it, then there is no objection to wiping over it, and its ruling would be the same as that of a splint (or bandage).