What is the ruling on working for carbonated water companies (such as Pepsi and Coca-Cola) that are managed by Egyptians? Is it permissible to work for them, even though they are owned by Jewish and American investors and everyone is calling for their boycott, especially given the scarcity of other job opportunities?

The basic ruling is that it is permissible to work for the aforementioned company, for its ownership by a disbeliever does not legally prevent this. Indeed, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, dealt with Jews in permissible matters. However, if it is proven that the company assists those who transgress against the religion or abuse Islam, and Muslims decide to boycott it, then every Muslim must adhere to that. If a Muslim reaches a state of necessity to work there, then there is no blame upon him.