Is it permissible to use condoms or birth control pills, and what are the conditions and the required intention for their use? And why did the Companions practice coitus interruptus despite the revelation of the Qur’an, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not forbid them from doing so?

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, encouraged a large progeny due to the strength and might it brings to the Ummah, and this does not preclude reliance on Allah regarding provision.

Accordingly, a woman is not permitted to use birth control pills except under certain conditions: 1. Necessity: For instance, if she is ill and cannot bear pregnancy, or is of a weak constitution, or there is a health reason that would harm her with repeated pregnancies. 2. Husband's Permission: Because he has a right to progeny, and after consulting a doctor to ensure that the pills are not harmful. Their use should not be permanent to prevent conception entirely.

As for azl (coitus interruptus) during intercourse, it is permissible, as the Companions practiced azl during the time of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. However, the permission of the free wife is required, as she has a right to a child and to complete enjoyment, otherwise, it would be a deprivation of her right. The reason the Companions practiced azl was their unwillingness for their slave-girls to become pregnant, so as to obtain complete enjoyment and service from them.