Is it permissible for a girl to stay overnight in a mosque without a mahram, given that she has her guardian's permission, the women's prayer area is separate from the men's, and the voices of men can be heard?

The Sharia does not stipulate the presence of a mahram for a woman except when she travels. Thus, it is permissible for her to go alone to the mosque or market if the place is close and safe. It is permissible for women to gather in the mosque to seek knowledge, recite the Quran, and pray. It is also permissible for women to spend the night in the mosque, provided that the women's prayer area is protected and secured from the entry of men or the assault of foolish individuals. It is preferable to have someone to guide them so that no mischief occurs or time is wasted. The basic ruling for a woman's i'tikaf (spiritual retreat) is permissibility, as long as it does not lead to mischief. It is not permissible for women to raise their voices for men to hear them. It is preferable to spend the day in the mosque studying knowledge and cooperating in obedience, and then to spend the night in their homes.