Does divorce occur over the the phone? And is a divorce valid if the husband pronounced it while he was angry?

If a husband says to his wife, "You are divorced," while he is angry but fully aware of what he is saying, this is considered a valid divorce. He may take her back without a new marriage contract, as long as she has not completed her waiting period ('iddah), in accordance with the verse: "And their husbands have more right to take them back in that [period] if they want reconciliation."

Registering a marriage with the municipality does not entail a religious ruling. Accusing the husband of adultery without proof and him denying paternity of the child harms him, for the child belongs to the marital bed. He cannot resort to li'an (oath of condemnation) after delaying it, and he deserves the punishment for slander, as stated in the verse: "And those who accuse chaste women and then do not produce four witnesses - lash them with eighty lashes and do not accept from them testimony ever after. And those are the defiantly disobedient, except for those who repent thereafter and reform, for indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful."

A husband's statement that he intends to divorce his wife in front of witnesses is not considered a divorce unless he actually carries it out. If a divorce occurs, the wife has rights, including the dowry or its remainder, and maintenance before and after the divorce as long as the waiting period has not ended, and compensatory gift (mut'ah) according to the husband's financial status, in accordance with the verse: "And provide for them - he who has abundance according to his means, and he who has restricted ability according to his means."