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Is the testimony of a single, upright, and moral man accepted in matters of Hudud (punishments prescribed by Islamic law) other than adultery, or is he considered an accuser who requires other witnesses?

1 min readAlso available in العربية

The testimony of a single man is not sufficient in Hudud (punishments ordained by Allah), as no fewer than two witnesses are permissible in matters of rights and injuries. The testimony of four men is required in cases of zina (unlawful sexual intercourse), and two men in Qisas (retaliation in kind) and punishments that are averted by doubts. No fewer than two male witnesses are accepted in punishments, such as Hudud and Qisas. The plaintiff is not considered among the witnesses, and it is necessary for him to bring two witnesses, or for the defendant to take an oath.

Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026

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