What is the ruling on swearing by Allah obligatorily in the Sacred Mosque without intention, and is expiation required for that?
If a person is forced to take an oath by someone who is capable of carrying out the threat according to Islamic law, then there is no sin upon him and no expiation if he breaks the oath, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "Indeed, Allah has pardoned for my nation mistakes, forgetfulness, and what they are coerced into." However, if the conditions for coercion are not met, then expiation is due if he breaks the oath. If the oath was concerning a past event and he was untruthful, then he must repent and offer expiation according to Imam Al-Shafi'i.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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