What is the ruling on calling non-Muslims, and those in their status, by the name Muhammad?
Non-Muslims are not permitted to be named with names specific to Muslims, such as "Muhammad, Ahmad, Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Talhah, and Al-Zubayr," because preventing them from using these names is more important than preventing them from using Muslim kunyas (agnomens). There are also names specific to disbelievers, which Muslims are not allowed to use. And there are common names which are not forbidden for either the People of the Book or Muslims.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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