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The question

Is it considered academic dishonesty and plagiarism for a researcher during their PhD to alter (by adding or omitting) the footnotes of texts they quoted for their research?

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Source: FtawySummary from Ftawy's records · added here Sep 2, 20261 min readAlso available in العربية
The answer

Quoting is the نقل (transference) of one or more sentences from another source as they are, without alteration. The condition for its permissibility is that the transference be done faithfully, attributing the quote to its author. As for transferring from others' works without referencing the sources, it is considered academic theft and falls under the category of "one who is satiated with what he has not been given is like one who wears two garments of falsehood." If accuracy and academic integrity are observed by attributing the effort to its owner and declaring the source, and clarifying what has been added or modified, then there is no harm in it. This is a legitimate utilization that has not been denied throughout Islamic history.

Summary from Ftawy's records · added here

Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.

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Where this answer came from
Source platform
Ftawy
Original fatwa ID
123660
Added here
. This is when the answer was added to El Fatwa, not the fatwa's date.
Text
Summary from Ftawy's records, reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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Read the full answer on Ftawy