What is the difference between ghusl, ightisal, and istinja, and is ghusl showering for purification or only washing the place?

Ghusl (ritual bath) is the act of making water reach all parts of the body. It becomes obligatory in specific situations: the emission of semen whether awake or asleep, sexual intercourse, purification from menstruation or postpartum bleeding, and a disbeliever embracing Islam. As for istinja' (cleansing after defecation or urination), it is the removal of impurities from the private parts (urinary or anal exit) with water or what serves a similar purpose, such as stones or tissues. It is not necessary to make water reach all parts of the body when washing impurities from clothes or the body; rather, washing only the site of the impurity suffices.