Is it permissible to take the excess money (interest/riba) from the bank to compensate for a lost sum of money in insurance, and can this excess money (interest/riba) be spent on relatives and the poor?

Investing money in a usurious bank and commercial insurance is forbidden (haram). It is not permissible to own usurious interest; rather, it must be disposed of by spending it on charitable causes, such as giving it to needy relatives whose financial support is not obligatory on you, or to needy domestic workers and porters. It is permissible to take the amount paid to the insurance company without any increase.