Is it permissible for a student to increase the amount of money her father sends her to cover tuition fees, and use it to buy essential books whose necessity her father is not convinced of, with her intention to return the increase to her father later?

As long as the father is spending on his daughter appropriately, she is not entitled to take anything from his money without his permission. University study expenses are not considered part of the obligatory maintenance a father owes. Therefore, the daughter is not permitted to take money for books from her father without his permission. She should try to persuade him or seek mediation from some relatives. If he refuses, she has no right to take the money without his permission.