Is expiation (kaffara) obligatory for someone who swore an oath upon the Mus'haf (the Quran) but was unable to fulfill the oath?

An oath is not valid unless it is sworn by one of the names of Allah or His attributes. Swearing by the Qur'an is swearing by the word of Allah. As for swearing by the Mus'haf, if the intention is to swear by the word of Allah, then it is permissible. But if the intention is to swear by the paper and ink, then it is swearing by other than Allah and constitutes polytheism (shirk). Placing the hand on the Mus'haf is an innovation (muhdath) that some people do to emphasize the oath, but it was not done during the time of the Prophet or his Companions. It is not necessary for the validity of the oath. Furthermore, it is not permissible for a Muslim to place his hand on the Torah or the Gospel due to their alteration and the abrogation of their laws. If a person takes an oath and is unable to fulfill it, expiation (kaffarah) becomes obligatory upon him.