How can one make up for missed Ramadan fasts from several years, in cases of inability to fast or feed the poor?
If one breaks their fast due to a legitimate Shariah-approved excuse, they must make up the missed days immediately once the excuse is no longer present. It is not permissible to delay it until the following Ramadan. If one delays making up the fast without a valid excuse, they are obligated to pay a penalty for the delay (kaffarat al-ta'khir) in addition to making up the fast. If the illness that prevents making up the fast is incurable, then the obligation to make up the fast is dropped. However, if the illness is curable, then the missed fasts remain a debt upon the person, and there is no penalty for delay if the delay is due to a legitimate Shariah-approved excuse. If the delay is without a legitimate Shariah-approved excuse and one is unable to pay the penalty, then repentance is recommended, and one should give whatever amount of the penalty they can. Regarding what one is unable to pay, some scholars say it is dropped, while others say it remains a debt. The penalty for delaying is feeding one poor person for each missed day, and its مقدار (measure) is one mudd of rice or its equivalent.
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