What is the explanation of the hadiths concerning the emergence of the Mahdi at the end of time, and the mention of the characteristics of his companions?

The scholars, in their exegesis of the Hadith of tribulations (fitan), mentioned that "qaza' al-kharif" (scattered clouds of autumn) refers to dispersed pieces of clouds. Autumn was specified because it is the beginning of winter, and clouds are scattered during it. Ali's (may Allah be pleased with him) saying, "The leader (ya'sub) of the religion struck with his tail," means the master of people in religion. His striking with his tail is a metaphor for steadfastness and firmness upon the religion, or that he left the tribulation and its people and traveled through the land, and his "tail" refers to his followers. As for "Amir al-'Asab," it means the leader of a group of people.